Calender



2 Sheets-Sheet l CALENDER P. J. DORNBUSCH Nov. 16, 1954 Filed Sept. 7.1949 PA! Jase! Do'rnb US'ck F/GZ.

Nov. 16, 1954 P. J, DORNBUSCH CALENDER 2 Shets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 7.1949 Pia/Josef Darn by A Atfar H! vs same teeth do not come in contactwith Unite States Patent The invention refers to a calender, in,particular a calender press for embossing and pressing webs ofmaterial, inparticular webs of paper or textile fabric, leather or thelike and has the object of facilitating the changing .and renewal of thecalender rolls with. a consequent saving of time in the operation :ofthe calender, as well as. giving the same a more eflicient form.

It is known that in existing calender presses the rolls are provided ateach end with stub axles carrying gear- Wheels, the gear-wheels of eachpair of rolls being in engagement. When changing or renewingthe-rolls-the same gear-wheels can be used for the new rolls prot-idedthe new rolls are of the same diameter as the old rolls which have beenremoved. It is then necessary, however, to withdraw the gear-wheels fromthe axles of the old rolls and fixthem on those ofthe new rolls.Usually, however, each set of rolls retains its own gear-wheels whichremain attached to their corresponding rolls. If the oldrolls to beremoved have a different diameter from that of the new rolls to befitted in their place, other gear-wheels will be required for the newrolls to be so fitted and 'in'such a case besides maintaining a stock ofspare rolls it is also essential to maintain a corresponding stock ofgear-wheels.

In accordance with thepresent invention, the gearwheels by which therolls are driven and are coupled together are fitted separately from therolls in the form of a gear train fitted on theiframe of the calender,and the rolls are detachably connected with the gear shafts. By thismeans the gear-wheels for the rolls always remain in place on thecalender frame and it is no longer necessary to maintain a stock ofgear-wheels, while the. troublesome removal and refitting of thegear-wheels is'likewise no longer necessary. Thus time is saved inoperating the calender, while there is also a saving in material, andfurthermore, owing to'the -longer effective working life of thecalender, a savingin firstcost.

The gear wheels intended for coupling the rolls are suitably arranged toengage with each other through an intermediate gear, and, in. particularthe'gear-wheel driving the adjustable roll is able to rotate aroundthegearwheel in engagement with it. This presents the particularadvantage that the diameter of the roll does not influence the workingof the gears, i. e., the same; gears can be retained on the calendereven if the diameters 'of the rolls used are different; 'also thethickness or variation in the thickness ofthe material passing betweenthe rolls has noinfluence on the'working of the gears.

It is. advisable to divide the transmission ratio among the gears, insuch manner that the number ofiteeth in either one of two meshinggear-wheels is a fractional multiple of the number of teeth'in the other'one of the pair of meshing gear-wheels, in such manner that the eachother very frequently. This in addition to reducing the wear on the gearteeth, prevents the formation of streaks on the paper roll, whichotherwise frequently occurs.

The attachment of the transmission gear casing to the calender frame canbe effected, in accordance with the present invention, by elasticcoupling flanges. By this means, any divergence of the rolls fromparallelism is prevented from having any harmful effect on the gears,since owing to the elastic flange coupling the gears can adjustthemselves to any relative position of the rolls. An elastic flangecoupling is particularly necessary if the gear-wheel connected with theadjustable roll is rotatable about the gear with which it meshes toobviate disturbing be taken by 2,694,268 Patented Nov. 16, 1954 effectsif the axis and radius -of.rotation ofthe, gear-wheel and the associatedroll'respectively, should. fail to coincide .connectablecouplingsbetween the axles ofatherolls and the ends of the gearspindles; such couplings-being suitably constructed as flange couplings.

In accordance with .the'present invention, however, :it is preferred toreplace the roll axles by couplingzrnembets .on short shafts whichmembers engage withand center'the ends of the rolls. This affords thefurther advantage that the stub axles hitherto required onthe rollsbecome superflous, resulting in a saving of weight and material in therolls.

In accordance with the present invention, the short shafts can :bepermanently fitted in the calender housing and the coupling'members bearranged to move into-engagement with the rolls on at least one side.Thisresults in a considerable simplification inv the'removal andreplacement of'the rolls, the replacement consisting essentially of asimple, self+centering insertion of the rolls in the calender frame. Afurther result is the possibility of a narrower construction of thecalender, producing afurther saving in material and weight. In view of'the fact that the short shafts serve for couplingas well as for drivingthe calender rolls, they can be permanently connected to thetransmission gear shafts or spindles.

The couplings can suitably be designed as conecouplings, the ends of therolls being formed with tapered spigots and the coupling members on theshort sha'fts being given a corresponding form. The taper can be formeddirectly on the end of the roll, or on a projection from such end. Inthe latter case, the taper is independent of the diameter of the roll,enabling rolls of different diameter to be used in the same calenderwithout any modification of the latter. An internal centering action.can *also be obtained if the arrangement is reversed and the taperedprojections on the ends of the rolls are replacedby tapered recesses inthe latter, engagingwithtapered spigots on-thestub shafts. In the caseof hollow rolls, the :centeringpressure can :a continuous stayabolt.

The coupling members on-thefshort shafts transmitting the rotarymotion'to the rollsi-are suitably provided with additional grippers suchas driving dogs or pins for-en- "Figure 1 Figure *4-shows theadjustable, swivelling mounting of thepressureroll-inside elevation,looking at'the right hand end in Pigure 1; and Figure S-is'adetail'view'of thei sgupports .for the gear .casings shown in :Figures 1an Referring to :thedrawings, the calender is equipped with a steel roll1 and a paper or;.pressure roll 2, of which the roll .2 .is adjustable"by swinging its axis. The gears coupling the rolls together arearranged in the form of a gear train on the calender frame in suchmanner that the rolls and the gear-wheels form separate units. In theexample according to Figure 1, a separate gear train 4 for driving therolls is arranged on one side of the calender frame and the gearscoupling the rolls are arranged on the other side of the frame, beingsupported from the housing 12, While in the example according to Figure3, the driving gears are combined with the gears coupling the rolls.Disconnectable couplings are provided between the rolls and the gears inboth forms of the invention. The roll 2 is supported on links 20 whichcan rock about the axis 21, to which a 3 force is applied in thedirection of the arrow 22, by which means the roll 2 is pressed againstthe roll 1 as illustrated in Figure 4.

As shown in Figure 2, gear-wheels S and 6 coupled to the rolls 1 and 2,respectively, are mutually connected by intermediate gear-wheels 7, 8and 9; the gear-wheel 7 being merely for reversing the direction ofrotation. The gear-wheel 6 acting upon the swinging roll 2 is capable ofrotating around the periphery of the gear-wheel 9 in correspondence withthe swinging motion of the roll 2 as shown by the arrows 10. Thegear-wheel 9 is coaxial with the pivot 21 of the link 20 upon the freeend of which the gear wheel 6 is rotatably journalled.

The transmission ratio between the gear-wheels 5 and 6 is 2:1 andcorresponds to the transmission ratio of the rolls to one another. Thegear-wheels 8 and 9 split up the transmission ratio in such a mannerthat the number of teeth in the gear-wheel S meshing with the gear-wheel7 is not an exact multiple of the number of teeth in the lattergearwheel 7. Similarly, the number of teeth in the gear-wheel 6 is afractional multiple of the number of teeth in the gear-wheel 9.

The gear cases 3 and 4 are elastically connected by flanges to thecalender frame, a rubber cushion 13 being introduced between the flange11 and the frame housing 12 as illustrated in Figure 5.

In Figure 1 flange couplings 14 are provided between the roll axles andthe gear spindles. The bearings of the roll axles are indicated by 15.In the example according to Figure 1, they are provided withhalf-bushings 23, of which those on the ends of the links carrying theroll 2 are arranged at the bottom and those on the arms 24 carrying theroll 1 are arranged at the top.

In the example according to Figure 3, the rolls have at their endstapers 16, made on shoulders of the rolls. The gear spindles connectingwith these rolls are provided with correspondingly tapered couplingmembers 17 and 18. The coupling members hold the rolls by the ends, andsimultaneously center them. On one side, the coupling members 17 aremade movable to and from the rolls. This latter motion is in the exampleeffected in the manner already used for tailstock spindles of lathes;but can, of course, be effected in any other suitable manner; thus,pnuematic or hydraulic operation can be provided.

Referring to Figure 3, the drive is provided by a V belt pulley whichdrives the pinion a which engages with the toothed wheel b. The toothedwheel b is preferably mounted on the shaft of the toothed wheel 7 whichis shown in Figure 2, although it may be mounted directly on one of theshafts carrying the coupling members which drive the roll 1 as shown inFigures 1 and 3. The bearings for the shafts carrying the couplingmembers 17 and 18 may be mounted in the shells or half-bushings 23 ofthe levers 20, one of which appears in Figure 4. In view of the factthat in the left hand half of Figure 3, the coupling parts 17 must bemovable, they are preferably splined in the shells.

The shafts carrying the coupling members 17 and 18 for the upper roller1 are mounted in bearing shells or half-bushings 23 which are concavedownwardly, whilst hangers or other means can be provided in order tosecure the bearing members in the shells.

Grippers, such as dogs or pins 19 engaging in the coupling members 18and the right hand ends of the rolls, are provided for driving thelatter.

The bearings of the shafts carrying the roll 2 which are not visible inFigure 3 but are like those shown in Figure l, are of the kind shown inFigure 4, except that the bearings are fixed in relation to the links20.

I claim:

1. A calender for embosssing and pressing webs of material such aspaper, textile fabric, leather and the like, of the type comprising apair of relatively adjustable changeable rolls supported by axlesjournalled in frames and driven by gearing from a suitable power source,said calender having means for supporting the rolls mounted in parallelframes, gearing for driving the rolls held in place by means including ahousing separate and apart from the roll frames and supported thereby asa unit, driving shafts in alinement with and disconnectably connected tosaid rolls extending into said housing, driving gears mounted on theends of said shafts within said housing, interengaging gears mounted forrotation in said housing and operatively connecting said driving gears,and power operated means for rotating one of said pair of rolls.

2. A calender as set forth in claim 1 wherein one of the rolls issupported for swinging movement about an axis parallel to the other rolland a gear is provided in the driving gearing for said first rollrotatably journaled upon the axis about which said first roll swings.

3. A calender as set forth in claim 2 wherein the number of teeth of oneof the interengaging gears in the gearing connecting the rolls to oneanother is a fractional multiple of the number of teeth in another ofthese gears.

4. A calender as set forth in claim 1 wherein the housing for thegearing is attached to the adjacent roll supporting frame by meansincluding a flanged connector and an intermediate cushion or elasticmaterial between it and said adjacent frame.

5. A calender as set forth in claim 1 wherein a releasable couplingconnection is provided between the ends of the rolls and the drivingshafts comprising members separable endwise thereof.

6. A calender as set forth in claim 5 wherein the endwise separablemembers are rotatably supported in the adjacent roll supporting frameand are free to engage on their roll facing ends against the roll ends.

7. A calender as set forth in claim 6 wherein the roll ends have conicalsurfaces of revolution and the endwise separable members arecorrespondingly conical.

8. A calender as set forth in claim 1 wherein the driving shafts arejoinable at their inner ends to the rolls at the end faces thereof andsaid shafts are formed with releasable centering coupling members facingthe rolls.

9.; A calender as set forth in claim 8 wherein the coupling members havegrippers catching hold in the end faces of the rolls.

10. A calender as set forth in claim 1 wherein a releasable couplingconnection is provided between the ends of the rolls and the drivingshafts.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date Re. 14,327 Clarke July 17, 1917 1,329,325 Mascord Jan. 27,1920 1,555,184 Choate et al Sept. 20, 1925 1,737,378 Littell Nov. 26,1929 2,317,493 Stout et al Apr. 27, 1943 2,460,504 Huebner Ian. 1, 19492,563,117 Hurley Aug. 7, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date189,883 Great Britain Dec. 11, 1922 309,657 Great Britain Apr. 18, 1929320,340 Great Britain Oct. 4, 1929 599,619 France June 16, 1925 426,529Germany Aug. 7, 1924

